In short: the initial residence-and-work permit is granted as employed (with a work contract) or self-employed (with a viable economic project); the decision takes 3 months (RD 1155/2024).
In person or by representative? The source does not detail this: the application can usually be filed online or through a representative (for employed work it is often started by the employer), but fingerprinting and TIE card collection are in person. By default, prepare for personal appearance and check with your Oficina de Extranjería.
If what you want is to run your own business / be self-employed, see the specific card on residence and work as self-employed (cuenta propia) (project, investment, form EX-07).
Employed (cuenta ajena):
- A signed work contract guaranteeing continuous activity during the authorisation's validity.
- Not being an EU/EEA/Swiss citizen or family member under that regime; not being in an irregular situation; no criminal record.
- The initial permit also allows self-employment as long as the main activity remains employment.
Self-employed (cuenta propia):
- A viable economic project with expected profitability.
- Proof of professional capability (qualification, experience or professional registration if required).
- Sufficient economic resources for you and your family, plus the initial investment capital.
- No criminal record; not in an irregular situation.
Decision period: 3 months from filing.
Official source: Immigration Regulation (RD 1155/2024); information sheets (employed/self-employed) at inclusion.gob.es.
Informational only; exact requirements and documents vary — check the official source and a professional for your case.